{"id":7264,"date":"2016-08-08T12:43:32","date_gmt":"2016-08-08T12:43:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thurzozoltan.com\/ro\/michael-haydn-patachich-adam-puspok-komponistaja\/"},"modified":"2016-10-26T13:09:26","modified_gmt":"2016-10-26T13:09:26","slug":"michael-haydn-patachich-adam-puspok-komponistaja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/thurzozoltan.com\/ro\/michael-haydn-patachich-adam-puspok-komponistaja\/","title":{"rendered":"Michael Haydn \u2013 compozitorul episcopului Patachich \u00c1d\u00e1m"},"content":{"rendered":"[et_pb_section admin_label=”Section” fullwidth=”on” specialty=”off” transparent_background=”on” background_color=”#ffffff” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” padding_mobile=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off”][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title admin_label=”Fullwidth Post Title” title=”on” meta=”off” author=”on” date=”on” categories=”on” comments=”on” featured_image=”off” featured_placement=”below” parallax_effect=”on” parallax_method=”on” text_orientation=”center” text_color=”dark” text_background=”off” text_bg_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.9)” module_bg_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0)” title_font_size=”36″ title_font_size_tablet=”29″ title_font_size_phone=”20″ title_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” title_text_color=”#fee29b” title_all_caps=”off” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid”] [\/et_pb_fullwidth_post_title][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=”section” transparent_background=”on” background_color=”#ffffff” allow_player_pause=”off” inner_shadow=”off” parallax=”off” parallax_method=”off” padding_mobile=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” make_equal=”off” use_custom_gutter=”off”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”justified” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid”]\n

\"MichaelMichael Haydn (fratele mai mic a lui Joseph Haydn) s-a n\u0103scut \u00een satul Rohrau, \u00een Austria Inferioar\u0103 \u00een anul 1737.<\/p>\n

Mama lui (Maria Koller) a lucrat ca \u015fi buc\u0103t\u0103reas\u0103 la o familie nobil\u0103 bogat\u0103, dup\u0103 care s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit cu Mathias Haydn.<\/p>\n

Tat\u0103l lui M. Haydn a fost un simplu dogar s\u0103rac, dar pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acesta \u015fi muzician amator entuziast: a \u00eenv\u0103\u0163at s\u0103 c\u00e2nte la harp\u0103 \u00een mod autodidact \u015fi \u00ee\u015fi \u00eenv\u0103\u0163a fii s\u0103 c\u00e2nte. Cariera muzical\u0103 a celor doi fra\u0163i a pornit deodat\u0103.<\/p>\n

M. Haydn \u00eentreaga sa via\u0163\u0103 a fost mare admirator al muzicii, c\u00e2nd avea posibilitatea nu a evitat s\u0103 c\u00e2nte la harpa sa preferat\u0103. \u00cen marea familie a fost aproape \u201dobliga\u0163ie\u201d muzica. \u00cen marea familie care tr\u0103ia \u00een condi\u0163ii dificile nu s-a putut da fiec\u0103rui copil un instrument muzical, din acest motiv tat\u0103l care \u00eendr\u0103gea muzica a impus ca fiecare copil s\u0103 participe la c\u00e2ntarea de acas\u0103, m\u0103car cu c\u00e2ntat. T\u00e2n\u0103rul Haydn trebuia s\u0103 treac\u0103 peste numeroase obstacole pentru a accesa educa\u0163ie regulat\u0103 de muzic\u0103, \u015fi s\u0103 i se deschid\u0103 calea spre a se descurca.<\/p>\n

Pentru t\u00e2n\u0103rul artist, care dup\u0103 un timp a devenit renumit \u00een \u00eentreaga lume, i-a fost mare noroc c\u0103 Patachich l-a rugat s\u0103 devin\u0103 conduc\u0103torul orchestrei sale. \u00cen acea vreme acest lucru \u00eensemna \u015fi c\u0103 dirijorului-compozitor avea posibilitatea s\u0103-\u015fi tr\u0103iasc\u0103 ambi\u0163iile de compozitor.<\/p>\n

Cultura muzical\u0103 din Oradea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Episcopul Patachich\u00a0la sosirea \u00een ora\u015f \u00eempreun\u0103 cu M.Haydn ( 1760, \u015fi nu 1757, dup\u0103 cum cred mul\u0163i c\u0103 a sosit M. Haydn), \u00eei d\u0103 \u00een sarcina lui Haydn organizarea orchestrei sale din Oradea. Haydn, care de abia avea 23 ani, \u00een scurt timp a organizat orchestra \u015fi corul episcopal, a extins ansamblul de camer\u0103 care func\u0163iona p\u00e2n\u0103 acum. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu renumitul compozitor-dirijor au sosit la Oradea \u015fi trei dintre prietenii s\u0103i muzicieni, c\u00e2nd a p\u0103r\u0103sit \u015fi el Viena: un violoncelist, un clarinetist \u015fi unul care c\u00e2ta la corn de v\u00e2n\u0103toare. Scopul lui era s\u0103 \u00eent\u0103reasc\u0103 orchestra cu ace\u015fti muzicieni. A \u00eenceput marea lucrare de \u00eendeplinire a constituirii orchestrei din Oradea\u2026<\/p>\n

\"P\u00fcsp\u00f6kiCompozitorul-dirijor, care a l\u0103sat ca \u015fi mo\u015ftenire 52 de simfonii, piese de concert cu caracter de deschiz\u0103tor de drumuri, 136 opere pe instumente \u2013 \u015fi multe alte opere \u2013 \u015fi dintre care mai multe au fost prezentate la Oradea, la Palatul Episcopal (care st\u0103tea \u00een locul Prim\u0103riei de acum, \u015fi al c\u0103rei arip\u0103 dreapta \u015fi acum mai exist\u0103, \u00een directa vecin\u0103tate a turnului construit pentru scopuri de prevenire a incendiilor. Din p\u0103cate acesta a fost ur\u00e2\u0163it, prin care au jignit ur\u00e2t renumele monumentului istoric), \u00een sala de ceremonii al acestuia ca \u015fi premier\u0103 (!), a compus opere biserice\u015fti destul de importante. (S\u0103 nu uit\u0103m c\u0103, unul dintre sarcinile sale a fost chiar compunerea, \u00eenv\u0103\u0163area \u015fi prezentarea pieselor muzicale de acest tip.)<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd M. Haydn a venit la Oradea, \u00een contraacul s\u0103u, conform obiceiurilor din perioada respectiv\u0103, a con\u0163inut c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 ridice nivelul liturghiei, renumele, splendoarea cur\u0163ii epocale \u015fi cu opere originale.<\/p>\n

Compunerea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Haydn a compus liturghii germane \u015fi latine. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Requiemurile \u015fi Cantatele sale motivele in stil maghiar ale liturghiei sale \u00een A-dur care este at\u00e2t\u00a0 de popular \u00een muzica catolic\u0103 maghiar\u0103 au fost compuse pe timpul oper\u0103rii la Oradea. (!)<\/p>\n

Dintre piesele compuse \u00een curtea lui Patachich trebuie s\u0103 men\u0163ion\u0103m A-dur Missa solemnist, dou\u0103 simfonii, \u015fi concertul B-dur scris \u00een primul r\u00e2nd pentru vioar\u0103 \u015fi orchestr\u0103, respectiv concertul compus pentru org\u0103 \u015fi viol\u0103.<\/p>\n

M.Haydn umbl\u00e2nd pe drumul s\u0103u propriu a dezvoltat stil propriu de compozitor, care, pe timpul r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii aproape absolut\u0103 a muzicii baroc, avea curajul s\u0103 se opun\u0103 regulilor care guvernau ca \u015fi lege. Operele lui sunt caracterizate de \u00eendr\u0103zneal\u0103 \u015fi modernism, at\u00e2t din punctul de vedere al sunetului, c\u00e2t \u015fi al criteriilor tehnice. Piesele sale con\u0163in for\u0163e dramatice care rareori sunt \u00eent\u00e2lnite \u00een literatura muzical\u0103 a vremii respective. Con\u0163inutul intern, rezonan\u0163a \u015fi textele muzicale cu r\u0103sturn\u0103ri de situa\u0163ie reflect\u0103 munca unui autorul muzical modern \u015fi contemporan.<\/p>\n

Personalitate remarcabil\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

E de mirare c\u0103 lumea atrage aten\u0163ia lumii? Nu!<\/p>\n

Michael Haydn p\u0103r\u0103se\u015fte Oradea \u00een 1762 (\u015fi nu \u00een 1763, dup\u0103 cum afirm\u0103 foarte mul\u0163i, ignor\u00e2nd datele exacte), dup\u0103 ce particip\u0103 cu orchestra sa excep\u0163ional\u0103 la evenimentul de punere a pietrei de temelie a noului palat episcopal monumental proiectat de Hillebrandt, organizat \u00een cortul din aer liber.<\/p>\n

Necrologul de odinioar\u0103 raporteaz\u0103 despre faptul c\u0103 \u201d\u2026 orchestra episcopului a c\u00e2ntat pies\u0103 muzical\u0103 scris\u0103 special pentru acest eveniment\u2026\u201d. Probabil c\u0103 aceast\u0103 pies\u0103 a fost compus\u0103 \u015fi dirijat\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 de Haydn.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 acesta va c\u0103l\u0103tori \u00een Salzburg \u2013 urm\u00e2nd s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 aici p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul vie\u0163ii sale \u2013 care a fost unul dintre capitalele muzicii Europei contemporane. P\u0103\u015fe\u015fte \u00een urma lui Leopold Mozart ca \u015fi organistul Domului, dar mai mult dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t, este maistru de concerte, dirijor \u00een cadrul orchestrei cur\u0163ii. Operele sale sunt prezentate \u00een \u00eentreaga lume. Muzica lui \u00ee\u015fi tr\u0103ie\u015fte rena\u015fterea \u00een zilele noastre.<\/p>\n

Putem fi m\u00e2ndrii aceast\u0103 persoan\u0103 remarcabil\u0103 chiar aici, la Oradea a primit cea mai durabil\u0103 merinde.<\/p>\n

S\u0103 mai ad\u0103ug\u0103m c\u0103, probabil \u00ee\u015fi poate mul\u0163umi o mare parte din \u00eentregul s\u0103u armament muzical chiar experien\u0163elor dob\u00e2ndite la Oradea.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider admin_label=”Divider” color=”#ffffff” show_divider=”off” height=”40″ divider_style=”solid” divider_position=”top” hide_on_mobile=”on”] [\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_button admin_label=”Button” button_url=”http:\/\/thurzozoltan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/bihari-naplo-cikk-3.pdf” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”Desc\u0103rcare PDF” button_alignment=”right” background_layout=”light” custom_button=”on” button_letter_spacing=”0″ button_use_icon=”default” button_icon=”%%65%%” button_icon_placement=”right” button_on_hover=”on” button_letter_spacing_hover=”0″] [\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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